Can the growth of power battery manufacturers from land to water be quickly replicated?
2026-03-19
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CATL's Maritime Ambition: Electric Ships to the Open Ocean
The current development trend of electric ships is similar to that of electric vehicles a decade ago. Although still in the initial stage of industry development, leading companies have already set their sights on the future, proposing the goal of "aiming to sail electric ships to the open ocean within three years." This is the "maritime ambition" disclosed by CATL (300750.SZ/03750.HK) at the Shanghai Maritime Exhibition recently.
This is not surprising. As the absolute leader in battery cell supply for the global electric vehicle and energy storage sectors, CATL has been continuously releasing new signals this year—seeking "multi-domain growth," attempting to expand its technology application scenarios from land to sea, land, and air.
Su Yiyi, Co-President Assistant of CATL's Market System and General Manager of CATL Electric Ship Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "CATL Electric Ship"), told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) and other media outlets, "The shipbuilding sector is not an isolated business, but a crucial link in the 'multi-domain growth' strategy." With CATL's global power battery market share approaching 40%, the shipbuilding sector is becoming an important part of its innovative growth curve.
Global Context and CATL's First-Mover Advantage
It is worth noting that the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by around 2050. This presents an urgent need for a green transformation in the global shipping industry, while also creating significant development opportunities for related green and intelligent technologies. Shipping decarbonization is seen as the next trillion-dollar industry with a high probability of success. Furthermore, the successful application of lithium-ion batteries in the electric vehicle industry has made ship electrification one of the best technological paths to "zero emissions" in green shipping.
CATL is not the only company seeking growth in rivers, lakes, and seas. With the continuous decline in the cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries and the slowdown in the penetration rate of electric vehicles, lithium battery manufacturers with technology transfer capabilities have been actively investing in electric ships in recent years. However, with its experience supporting nearly 900 electric ships, CATL has a first-mover advantage, leaping from a single battery supplier to a provider of zero-carbon shipping system solutions.
Reshaping the Inland Waterway Shipping Ecosystem
Market opinion suggests that electric ships are currently at a critical turning point, transitioning from policy-driven to market-driven growth. The key to overcoming this turning point lies in the effective synergy and interconnection of the entire industry ecosystem, thereby propelling electric ships from the proof-of-concept stage to the mature operational stage. How can the industrial ecosystem of inland waterway shipping, a vital east-west and north-south artery, be reshaped?
Inland waterway shipping, as a crucial east-west and north-south artery, boasts comparative advantages such as large transport capacity, low cost, and green, low-carbon characteristics. However, for a long time, it has suffered from bottlenecks and bottlenecks, weak port hub radiation capacity, and low levels of transport organization. These shortcomings, coupled with the fragmentation of cargo owners, ports, refueling, and operations during the traditional fuel-powered ship era, have led to an inefficient industrial ecosystem.
In June of this year, six departments, including the Ministry of Transport, jointly issued the "Opinions on Promoting High-Quality Development of Inland Waterway Shipping," clearly focusing on improving inland waterway shipping facilities, equipment, and transport service capabilities, and promoting green, low-carbon, and intelligent innovation transformation, thus pointing the way for ecological reshaping.
From the perspective of industry chain participants, where are the opportunities for ecological reshaping? In an interview with The Paper (www.thepaper.cn), Zhuang Zhanting, Deputy General Manager of CATL Electric Ship, stated, "Moving from the era of traditional fuel-powered ships to the era of electric ships, especially with the added benefit of intelligent technology, we believe there is an opportunity, and a great deal of potential, to reshape the industrial ecosystem through technology, new concepts, and cooperation with production partners."
Case Study: The "Jining 6006" Pure Electric Multipurpose Transport Vessel
One of CATL's practical solutions, the "6006 Pure Electric Multipurpose Transport Vessel" (hereinafter referred to as "Jining 6006"), demonstrates that the company's reshaping is not a single-stage transformation, but rather a closed-loop integration of the entire chain from R&D and construction to operation, centered on the "ship-shore-cloud" integration.
The "Jining 6006" is built, owned, and operated by Ronghui Times Company, a joint venture between CATL and Jining Energy. This cargo ship is 67.6 meters long, 12.66 meters wide, and has a deadweight tonnage of nearly 2,000 tons. It is equipped with two box-type power supplies with a total capacity of 3919 kWh, allowing it to travel 230 km on a full charge. This is also the first domestic demonstration project for battery swapping on a cargo ship with a fully integrated and independently operated charging and swapping station.
Clearly, the challenge of "Jining 6006" is not just building a ship, but truly creating a closed-loop business model encompassing a 2,000-ton cargo ship, a port charging and swapping station, and a cloud-based operating platform, achieving integrated delivery, independent operation, and sustainable profitability. Zhuang Zhanting further stated, "It doesn't define a new standard for a single ship, but rather a new paradigm for electric vessels, moving from partial breakthroughs to 'full-area incremental growth,' meaning it can both meet zero-carbon targets and outperform traditional oil tankers in terms of TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)."
According to reports, CATL's "Ship-Shore-Cloud Zero-Carbon Shipping and Smart Port Integration Solution" can reduce the overall TCO of cargo ships by more than 33% and tugboats by more than 50% in actual operation. Zhuang Zhanting believes that "inland waterway freight is still in its early stages, but water transport is actually a lower-cost and more efficient mode of transportation, especially for bulk commodities. In the future, it can more effectively improve the overall efficiency of social logistics and reduce costs."
He also emphasized that CATL is a technology service provider, but more importantly, it plays the role of an ecosystem integrator.
On the "Jining 6006," various scattered elements were systematically connected, deeply integrating CATL's full-scenario technology capabilities in "ship-shore-cloud" integration with Jining Energy's port and logistics resources. Through an innovative "ship-station integrated" overall solution, the core bottlenecks in the range and efficiency of inland waterway vessel electrification were systematically addressed.
This is a standard template explored by CATL in inland waterway shipping, which is expected to be replicated domestically and even globally in the future.
Addressing Industry Anxieties with Integrated Solutions
Solving the industry's three major anxieties cannot rely on simple transplantation of land-based technologies.
Three Main Concerns for Green Navigation:
Energy replenishment anxiety – limited range, inconvenient charging facilities, and long charging wait times restrict sailing distance and operational efficiency;
Cost anxiety – high initial investment, concerns about battery life, and reliance on policy subsidies affect decision-making;
Safety anxiety – questions about battery system reliability, requirements for new crew skills, and concerns about data network security – these are the cornerstones of all trust.
CATL's "ship-shore-cloud" integrated solution aims to achieve end-to-end integration from shipboard power systems and shore-based energy replenishment networks to cloud-based intelligent management using existing technologies. Within this integrated solution framework, electric ships still need corresponding solutions tailored to different application scenarios and ship types.
Currently, electric ships are mainly used in applications including ordinary cruise ships, city passenger ships, tugboats, cargo ships, and coastal government vessels. Taking cargo ships as an example, based on the current overall port facilities, CATL has proposed a new business model: battery swapping, primarily using "containerized power supplies + battery swapping," which solves the problems of long range and high turnover rate. Battery swapping, as one of the technological routes to address range anxiety in electric vehicles, is not new. CATL is currently heavily investing in building a battery swapping network in the electric vehicle sector. Zeng Yuqun publicly stated at the Chocolate Battery Swapping Ecosystem Conference last December that by 2030, battery swapping, home charging, and public charging stations will share the market equally.
Technological Leaps for Marine Adaptability
What is noteworthy is the significant difference in technology and business models involved in transitioning from electric vehicles to electric ships, from the perspective of battery manufacturers. Su Yiyi frankly stated that electric ships are not simply a transplant of CATL's land-based technology; they need to directly address a series of stringent challenges on water, such as high salt spray, long sailing time, and high power requirements.
This requires completing three leaps:
Strengthening and adapting hardware and systems from "automotive-grade" to "marine-grade";
Facilitating the collaborative migration of intelligence and data ecosystems from "vehicle-road-cloud" to "ship-port-cloud";
Shifting the business model from "driving vehicles" to "driving industry transformation."
Regarding the first leap alone, Su Yiyi emphasized that it's not simply about directly installing automotive batteries on ships, but rather a comprehensive reconstruction for maritime adaptability. From a battery system perspective, CATL has developed China's first "dual-branch box-type power supply," essentially equipping ships with redundant "dual hearts," ensuring safety even if one circuit fails.
Furthermore, regarding the widely discussed safety concerns of marine batteries, CATL Electric Ship emphasizes that it has ranked first globally in both power batteries and energy storage for many consecutive years, establishing a complete safety system encompassing materials, cells, systems, and testing and verification. These capabilities are not simply replicated in the electric ship sector but have been systematically enhanced under even more demanding operating conditions.
CATL's History and Future in Electric Shipping
CATL's foray into the shipbuilding industry began in 2017, with its first electric ship launched and operational in 2019. In November 2022, CATL's wholly-owned subsidiary, CATL Electric Ship, was officially registered in Ningde City, Fujian Province. According to reports, to date, CATL has safely delivered nearly 900 electric ships, achieving a global market share of approximately 40%, firmly holding the top position in the global electric ship battery supply market.
Although CATL is still a player in the industry, Su Yiyi said that going to the sea is an inevitable path, and domestic coastal projects are already in preparation. It is expected that electric ships will be sailed to the open ocean in three years.
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Battery life increased exponentially! Chinese scientists achieve groundbreaking breakthrough in core lithium battery tec
2026-03-19
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Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in high-tech industries and our daily lives, and their performance directly affects energy efficiency and user experience. Recently, a team of researchers from Nankai University and the Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources, among others, achieved a groundbreaking breakthrough. Through a novel electrolyte technology, they hope to double the battery life of existing lithium-ion batteries while maintaining the same size and weight, and significantly enhance their low-temperature performance. This achievement was published in the international academic journal Nature on the morning of the 26th.
The core breakthrough of the new battery lies in its internal electrolyte, which functions as a conductor of ions, acting like a "highway" between the positive and negative electrodes. It is crucial for the battery's energy efficiency, operational stability, and temperature adaptability. Currently, the electrolyte solvent in lithium-ion batteries typically contains an important element—oxygen. Its advantage is its strong solubility for lithium salts, but this strong interaction also limits charge transfer, making it difficult to further improve the battery's energy density and limiting its low-temperature performance.
Zhao Qing, a researcher at the School of Chemistry, Nankai University, explained: "The electrolyte aims to both rapidly dissociate ions and facilitate rapid charge transfer reactions, which is inherently contradictory." We considered fluorine, an element in the same period, because fluorine has a weaker coordination with lithium, facilitating charge transfer between lithium ions and thus increasing the overall power density of the battery.
After years of dedicated research, the team overcame key challenges such as the difficulty of dissolving lithium salts with fluorine, synthesizing a series of novel fluorinated hydrocarbon solvent molecules. By controlling the electron density of fluorine atoms and the steric hindrance of solvent molecules, they significantly reduced the amount of electrolyte needed while exhibiting rapid charge transfer kinetics, thereby simultaneously improving the battery's energy density and low-temperature adaptability.
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China's total lithium battery production will increase by 24% year-on-year in 2024
2025-06-12
On the 27th, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the operating conditions of the national lithium-ion battery industry in 2024. In 2024, the total output of China's lithium-ion batteries (hereinafter referred to as "lithium batteries") increased by 24% year-on-year.The operating conditions show that in 2024, China's lithium-ion battery industry will continue its growth trend. According to the information of the lithium battery industry standard announcement companies and the industry association, the total output of lithium batteries in the country is 1170GWh (gigawatt-hours, 1 gigawatt-hour equals 1 million kilowatt-hours), an increase of 24% year-on-year. The total output value of the industry exceeds 1.2 trillion yuan (RMB, the same below).In the battery segment, the output of consumer, energy storage and power lithium batteries in 2024 will be 84GWh, 260GWh and 826GWh respectively. The installed capacity of lithium batteries (including new energy vehicles and new energy storage) exceeds 645GWh, an increase of 48% year-on-year. Affected by the decline in the price of lithium battery products, the total export volume of lithium batteries in the country last year was 434.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 5%, a narrower decline of seven percentage points than in the first half of 2024.
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Solid-state technology triggers the final battle of lithium batteries
2025-06-12
In the past decade, lithium batteries have boosted the explosive growth of new energy vehicles by increasing their energy density from 100Wh/kg to 300Wh/kg. Today, for higher energy density and higher safety, liquid batteries can no longer meet downstream demand, and solid-state batteries have already started a new round of battery technology competition.
However, the real leader is never in the spotlight.
From the development of the lithium battery industry in the past decade, battery equipment manufacturers are the key driving factor, and the accuracy of equipment determines the upper limit of battery performance. Since the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the new national standard for power batteries in April this year, it has shown a positive attitude on the policy side. With the superposition of market demand, the concept of solid-state batteries has become a key sector for big funds to hunt.
In recent trading days, a number of stocks such as Tiantie Technology, Longpan Technology, Guoxuan High-tech, Liyuanheng, and Pioneer Intelligence have risen strongly, and the sector's popularity has risen sharply.
At the same time, catalytic factors on the news side are constantly superimposed. The Gaogong Solid-State Battery Summit on June 10, the International Solid-State Battery Technology Conference on June 19, the Electrolyte Forum in July and the Shanghai International Solid-State Battery Conference will be held one after another, which will form a continuous theme stimulation to the market. Some research institutions predict that the commercialization of solid-state batteries will achieve a synergistic breakthrough in 2025, and equipment pioneers will dominate a new round of technology-driven industrial cycle.
There are many solid-state concepts, and mass production is the touchstone
In the A-share market, there are not many companies capable of getting involved in the field of solid-state battery equipment. Liyuanheng, Pioneer Intelligent, and Haimuxing are currently the three companies with the highest attention.
In terms of recent market performance, Liyuanheng is undoubtedly the most eye-catching. However, the company is a concept pioneer, and the speed of equipment delivery and mass production is relatively lagging. It is understood that although the company delivered a solid-state battery pilot production line to Guoxuan High-tech in 2022, it was aimed at semi-solid-state batteries. As for all-solid-state batteries, its sulfide electrolyte coating equipment is still in the verification stage, and the installation and testing of production line equipment has also been delayed until 2026. Judging from the company's performance report, the company has suffered a huge loss of 1 billion yuan in 24 years, and there are already many problems within the company. According to market sources, due to the performance loss, the company has undergone a major reshuffle, and a large number of R&D technicians have left. Whether normal equipment delivery can be achieved needs to be paid attention to.
As the leader in traditional liquid lithium battery equipment manufacturing, although Lead Intelligent also claims to have full solid-state full-line production capabilities, its core equipment relies on foreign imports. In 2024, the yield of the equipment delivered to Korean customers was only 65% due to interface impedance problems, requiring secondary transformation, and the actual order collection cycle was extended. The technical level and delivery capabilities were also questioned by the market. However, as the leader in the new energy equipment industry, Lead Intelligent's technical strength, management capabilities, strong financial strength and R&D strength have made good endorsements for its future development.
In its 2023 annual report, Haimuxing mentioned that it completed the delivery of the solid-state battery pilot line in August 2023, and completed the mass production of the oxide plus lithium metal negative electrode technology route and the sulfide plus silicon-carbon negative electrode pilot line in 2024. It is the first company in the industry to complete the mass production and delivery of solid-state battery equipment and complete the commercial verification of downstream application scenarios. It is also the first equipment supplier in the industry to deliver different solid-state battery technology solutions to two battery manufacturers at the same time. Its technical capabilities are more than two years ahead of its peers, which shows its strong technical strength. In addition, the company has exclusively mastered the lithium metal negative electrode interface processing technology. The Falcon high-energy lithium metal solid-state battery developed in cooperation with Xinjie Energy has passed the Ehang Intelligent eVTOL manned flight test. Its energy density has reached 480-500WH/KG, the cycle has reached 800-1000 times, and the endurance time has reached 1 hour, breaking the international record for similar tests. However, its stock was dragged down by the 2024 annual report performance and the 2025 first quarter report performance. It is understood that the company's orders on hand have exceeded 10 billion, and the newly signed orders have doubled compared with 24 years. Combined, this year may be the lowest point of Haimuxing's stock price.
In a horizontal comparison, the current market has seriously misjudged the solid-state battery equipment targets: Liyuanheng and Pioneer Intelligent have attracted financial attention due to early concept speculation, but the actual technical level and mass production capacity are questionable; Haimuxing has built a high competitive barrier with its two-year industrialization first-mover advantage, but it has been ignored by the market due to the short-term pressure of annual report and first quarter report data. Rather than saying that this is a market miss, it is better to say that it may be a good investment opportunity given by the market.
The technical advantages in the subdivided fields are significant, and the valuation repair expectations are strong
The industrialization of solid-state batteries follows the law of "equipment first, materials follow up, and complete vehicles land". The industry expects that the peak period of equipment bidding will come in 2025-2026. Equipment manufacturers with mature full-line mass production delivery capabilities and mastering core process technologies will lead this round of industrial upgrading and enjoy a significant valuation premium. The trillion-dollar market is about to explode again. Let us wait and see which company will become the next dark horse in the trillion-dollar solid-state battery equipment market with its leading industrialization pace and deep technical barriers.
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Electric vehicles can travel over 1000 kilometers
2025-06-12
The reporter learned from CATL's 21C Innovation Laboratory that the research results of lithium metal batteries independently completed by the laboratory's Ouyang Chuying and Wang Hansen's team were recently published in the top international journal Nature Nanotechnology, marking that CATL's basic scientific research capabilities have been recognized at the highest level in the field of nanotechnology. The study analyzed the failure mechanism of lithium metal batteries under actual product design conditions and proposed innovative electrolyte design style principles to achieve lithium metal battery products with high energy density and long cycle life."Nature Nanotechnology", as one of the five major sub-journals of "Nature", is a top journal with global influence in the field of nanomaterials science. The CATL research team quantified the electrolyte failure mechanism through original dynamic tracking technology and revealed for the first time the core consumption path of lithium metal battery failure. The research results showed that the electrolyte salt consumption in the cycle was as high as 71%, far exceeding the expectations of the academic community. Based on this discovery, the team introduced low molecular weight diluents to optimize the electrolyte formula, achieving a cycle life doubled to 483 times compared with the previous generation of products. The same electrolyte design logic can further support battery energy density exceeding 500Wh/kg, making electric aviation scale and electric vehicles with a range of more than 1,000 kilometers possible.In addition, the dynamic tracking technology created by the research team also allows the dynamic evolution of active lithium and electrolyte components throughout the battery life cycle to move from a "black box" to a "white box", providing a new perspective for the lithium battery industry. Ouyang Chuying, co-president of CATL's R&D system and dean of the 21C Research Institute, said: "By quantitatively analyzing the interface reaction path, we have redefined the priority of electrolyte design and transformed this achievement into a technical solution that can be applied on a large scale. This is a valuable opportunity to bridge the gap between academic research and the actual application of commercial batteries."As a global leading new energy innovation technology company, CATL is committed to building a world-class R&D platform and guiding the design of cutting-edge chemical systems based on the underlying logic of electrochemistry. In 2024, CATL's R&D investment reached 18.6 billion yuan, with a total of more than 43,000 patents authorized and pending worldwide, and the increase in patent applications ranked first in the industry for five consecutive years. At the same time, CATL has built a material design automation platform that integrates more than 20 dedicated simulation software and 30 self-developed core algorithms, promoting a leap-forward improvement in R&D efficiency.
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